Newton meets AI
View Sequence overviewStudents will:
- revise the factors that affect the safety of occupants of an autonomous car.
- use their learning to design the safety features of an autonomous car.
- communicate their learning to their peers.
Students will represent their understanding as they:
- prepare a model, a poster, or an advertisement showing the programming and safety features for an autonomous car.
In this lesson, assessment is summative.
Students working at the achievement standard should:
- investigate a moving object to analyse and propose relationships between distance, speed, and acceleration.
- explain how Newton’s laws describe motions and apply them to predict the motion of objects in a system.
- model how a change in net force acting on an object affects its motion and relate this to the purpose of safety features such as seatbelts.
- constructing an argument, supported by data, to support lower speed limited near schools or for trucks in urban environments.
- investigating how driverless vehicles apply Newton’s laws of motion to brake in time.
- analyse the relationship between science, technology, and engineering.
- construct logical arguments based on analysis of evidence to support conclusions and evaluate claims.
Refer to the Australian Curriculum content links on the Our design decisions tab for further information.
Whole class
Newton meets AI Resource PowerPoint
Video: Self-Driving Cars & Pedestrian Safety (4:20)
Each student
Individual science notebook
Optional: Poster paper or electronic equivalent
Lesson
The Act phase empowers students to use the Core concepts and key ideas of science they have learned during the Inquire phase. It encourages students to develop a sense of responsibility as members of society—to act rather than be acted upon. It provides students with the opportunity to positively influence their own life and that of the world around them. For this to occur, students need to build foundational skills in an interactive mutually supportive environment with their community.
When designing the Act phase, consider ways that students could use their scientific knowledge and skills. Consider their interests and lifestyles that may intersect with the core concepts and key ideas. What context or problem would provide students with a way to use science to synthesise a design? How (and to whom) will students communicate their understanding?
Read more about using the LIA FrameworkScience education consists of a series of key ideas and core concepts that can explain objects, events and phenomena and link them to the experiences encountered by students in their lives. The purpose of the Anchor routine is to identify and link students’ learning to these ideas and concepts in a way that builds and deepens their understanding.
When designing the Act phase of a teaching sequence, consider the core concepts and key ideas that are relevant. The Anchor routine provides an opportunity to collate and revise the key knowledge and skills students have learned, in a way that emphasises the importance of science as a human endeavour.
Revising motion
Review the factors that affect how quickly an autonomous car could stop, including:
- the speed the car is travelling.
- the conditions of the tyres, road, and weather.
- the number of people in the car (mass)—Newton’s second law.
- the use of seatbelts—Newton’s first law.
The Act phase empowers students to use the Core concepts and key ideas of science they have learned during the Inquire phase. It encourages students to develop a sense of responsibility as members of society—to act rather than be acted upon. It provides students with the opportunity to positively influence their own life and that of the world around them. For this to occur, students need to build foundational skills in an interactive mutually supportive environment with their community.
When designing the Act phase, consider ways that students could use their scientific knowledge and skills. Consider their interests and lifestyles that may intersect with the core concepts and key ideas. What context or problem would provide students with a way to use science to synthesise a design? How (and to whom) will students communicate their understanding?
Read more about using the LIA FrameworkEach student comes to the classroom with experiences made up from science-related knowledge, attitudes, experiences and resources in their life. The Connect routine is designed to tap into these experiences, and that of their wider community. It is also an opportunity to yarn with community leaders (where appropriate) to gain an understanding of the student’s lives, languages and interests. In the Act phase, this routine reconnects with the science capital of students so students can appreciate the relevance of their learning and the agency to make decisions and take action.
When designing a teaching sequence, consider the everyday occurrences, phenomena and experiences that might relate to the science that they have learned. How could students show agency in these areas?
Read more about using the LIA FrameworkWalking safely
Show the video Self-Driving Cars & Pedestrian Safety (4:20).
(Slide 83) Discuss how manufacturers of autonomous cars are making decisions for the students (as future drivers and passengers) right now.
- Do you trust the car manufacturers to make the right decisions for you (as a driver or a pedestrian) now?
- When do you intend to get your driver’s license? Will this change if autonomous cars become more affordable?
- How many autonomous cars are currently available? How could we find out?
- What types of decisions do these cars make? How do we know? How could we find out?
- What types of decisions would encourage you to buy an autonomous car? Why?
The Act phase empowers students to use the Core concepts and key ideas of science they have learned during the Inquire phase. It encourages students to develop a sense of responsibility as members of society—to act rather than be acted upon. It provides students with the opportunity to positively influence their own life and that of the world around them. For this to occur, students need to build foundational skills in an interactive mutually supportive environment with their community.
When designing the Act phase, consider ways that students could use their scientific knowledge and skills. Consider their interests and lifestyles that may intersect with the core concepts and key ideas. What context or problem would provide students with a way to use science to synthesise a design? How (and to whom) will students communicate their understanding?
Read more about using the LIA FrameworkWhen students use their knowledge and skills in new ways, they also have an opportunity to develop and use their creative and critical thinking skills. With scaffolded support, they can become more confident to work in a team and develop a stronger sense of autonomy. This results in stronger student outcomes, attitudes and sense of empowerment.
When designing a teaching sequence, consider what activity would allow students to showcase their knowledge and skills. Consider the current abilities of your students. What are they capable of explaining? What props could they design or build that would support their explanations? How much information would they need in their design brief to support their thinking? How does this connect with their lives and interests?
Designing for the future
(Slides 84-85) Students should prepare a model, a poster or an advertisement for an autonomous car of the future.
Define
Outline the group of people who will want to buy the autonomous car. Consider the price range, the age and life stage (retirees, families, young sports car enthusiasts).
Ideate
Brainstorm the key features that will attract potential buyers including:
- the type and number of sensors used.
- the way the car responds in different situations.
- how the car modifies its driving in different conditions.
- the safety features of the car.
Design the prototype
Select the different features that will be used in the autonomous car. Consider where the sensors will be located and the style of the dashboard. For example, consider whether the car will be fully autonomous or if the driver will need to take control in an emergency.
Building the prototype
Prototypes can take many forms depending on the time and resources available. It may be as simple as a detailed drawing with labels and explanations, or as complex as a scaled model of the design.
Allow students time to complete their prototype designs and accompanying explanations of the design.
The Act phase empowers students to use the Core concepts and key ideas of science they have learned during the Inquire phase. It encourages students to develop a sense of responsibility as members of society—to act rather than be acted upon. It provides students with the opportunity to positively influence their own life and that of the world around them. For this to occur, students need to build foundational skills in an interactive mutually supportive environment with their community.
When designing the Act phase, consider ways that students could use their scientific knowledge and skills. Consider their interests and lifestyles that may intersect with the core concepts and key ideas. What context or problem would provide students with a way to use science to synthesise a design? How (and to whom) will students communicate their understanding?
Read more about using the LIA FrameworkA key part of Science Inquiry, the Communicate routine provides students with an opportunity to communicate their ideas effectively to others. It allows students a chance to show their learning to members of their community and provides a sense of belonging. It also encourages students to have a sense of responsibility to share their understanding of science and to use this to provide a positive influence in the community.
When designing a teaching sequence, consider who might be connected to the students that have an interest in science. Who in their lives could share their learning? What forum could be used to build an enthusiasm for science. Are there members of the community (parents, teachers, peers or wider community) who would provide a link to future science careers?
Read more about using the LIA FrameworkSell the design
Receiving feedback is an important part of the design process.
Before students present their designs, discuss how to give effective feedback to each other by planning the approach to be used in the classroom. Each group could use a structured feedback form, checklists, or rubrics to guide their review. This can include specific areas to review, for example:
The science
- Have the science ideas been explained in the design?
- Does the design consider real scientific principles of motion by predicting how the car will sense and react in different situations? Does the presentation describe:
- the relationship between braking distance, speed, and acceleration?
- how Newton's first law relates to the number of occupants in the car?
- how Newton's second law relates to the availability of seatbelts?
- the recognition of speed zones (including school zones)?
The model or design
- How realistic is the design given the constraints?
- Does the design offer creative solutions to the problem?
- How practical is the design for actual implementation, considering available resources and technology?
- What could be improved in the design?
- Are there any flaws or missing elements in the design?
- What are the strengths of the design?
- Is the design unique and well thought out?
The communication
- How well is the design communicated, both visually and verbally?
- What are the assumptions that have been made about the design?
Allow the students time to present their designs.
Reflect on the sequence
You might invite students to:
- consider how the learning from this teaching sequence may affect their driving in the future.
- identify the key features that will be required in their first/next car.